Effective Weld Area–

The effective weld area is calculated based on the length and size of the weld, as well as the throat dimension (the minimum distance from the root to the face of the weld). This area determines the load-carrying capacity of the weld.

Nominal Strength of Welded Joint–

This refers to the capacity of the weld metal and is based on material properties and the type of weld used. The design must ensure that the strength of the weld is adequate to support the loads it will encounter.

Load Types and Directions –

Different loads, such as axial, shear, and bending, can act on a welded connection. It is crucial to analyze the behavior of the weld under each type of load and ensure that it can handle the combined effects of these forces.

Weld Length and Size –

Longer and larger welds can increase the strength of the joint, but they also increase the heat input, which can affect the metallurgical properties of the steel. Finding the right balance is important to avoid problems like distortion or residual stresses.

Welding Process and Technique-

The method used for welding (e.g., shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), or submerged arc welding (SAW)) affects the quality and characteristics of the weld. Different processes may produce different weld strengths, penetration depths, and heat-affected zones.