Tunnel construction is frequently referred to as a "battle against water." However, traditional design practices have largely focused on geotechnical aspects, often overlooking the groundwater conditions that govern the entire service life of the structure. This session redefines tunnels not merely as underground structures, but as integrated Hydro-Geo-Structure systems. Moving beyond the binary (drained or undrained) design approach, it introduces an advanced design framework based on the Hydraulic Convergence-Confinement Method (H-CCM) and future-oriented AI and digital twin maintenance strategies.
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